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use of $ sign

The $ sign is used to tell Excel that a part of a cell reference should be treated as an Absolute ($) or Relative (no $ sign) reference


In a single cell the use of $ or not makes no difference

It only comes into play when you copy the cell

The $ sign tells excel not to change the Row or Column value as the cell is copied down/up or Left/Right. Effectively the $ sign means lock the Row or Column


A1 nothing is locked, both the rows and column will change as the cell is copied

$A1 has a Locked Column but the Row can change

A$1 has a Locked Row but the Column can change

$A$1 Both the Row and Column are locked and neither will change as the cell is copied


Have a read here: http://chandoo.org/wp/2008/11/04/relative-absolute-references-in-formulas/
 
Hello Hui....For the benefit of the Excel users, F4 is used to lock a formula with $ symbols in Excel. But in Mac its, Cmd+T
 
Just to add to James post if you press the F4 key a number of times it will cycle through the absolute/relative options.
 
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